IUDs, or intrauterine devices, are little T-shaped plastic gadgets that sit in your uterus and prevent pregnancy. How do they do that? In copper IUDs, the T is actually a plastic device wrapped in copper wire that releases copper into your uterus, causing an immune reaction that creates a hostile environment for sperm to enter. Sperm are unable to move and survive in this environment, making it difficult for the sperm to fertilize the egg.
Pros
Copper IUDs are 99% effective and can prevent pregnancy for up to 10 years. That makes it the longest lasting form of birth control on the market. It’s also the only non-hormonal form of non-barrier birth control.
After the IUD is inserted, you shouldn’t be able to feel it. You won’t have to worry for years, unlike the pill, the patch, or the progestin shot, which require regular maintenance. If you decide to start trying to conceive, the IUD is easily removed, and fertility comes back immediately as it does not affect ovulationIt’s hard to say if this is a pro or a con because every woman has different needs, but the copper IUD allows you to have a regular monthly period. If you like this monthly reminder that you’re not pregnant, then this is great! If you’d rather not have a period, this is less amazing news.
Cons
Some people report that the insertion of the IUD is painful, though others said it was similar to a pap smear, menstrual cramps, or just a pinching sensation. However, your provider should offer you pain medication before the IUD insertion. This can be numbing spray or cream to the cervix or numbing injections directly into the cervix and vagina. Many experience heavy bleeding for three to six months after insertion, and some continue to have heavy periods and cramping every month with the IUD. There’s also a small chance that your IUD could be misplaced, fall out or damage the walls of the uterus, but this is rare.
As with most forms of birth control, there are risks that come along with the IUD. If you’re interested in getting a copper IUD, talk with your healthcare provider to make sure that it’s safe for you.
Sources
- “Non-hormonal contraceptive methods.” Association of Reproductive Health Professionals. Association of Reproductive Health Professionals, July 2013. Web.
- Mayo Clinic Staff. “ParaGard (copper IUD).” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic, January 21 2015. Web.
